e-ISSN 2231-8526
ISSN 0128-7680
Spoorthi Singh, Utkarsh Ojha, Prashant M Prabhu, Poothi Rohan Reddi and Shivashankar Hiremath
Pertanika Journal of Science & Technology, Volume 32, Issue 6, October 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjst.32.6.10
Keywords: In-house plantation, internet of things, MQTT, sensor, soil factors
Published on: 25 October 2024
Houseplant cultivation has become increasingly popular, allowing individuals to bring nature into their homes. However, successful indoor gardening requires careful monitoring of soil parameters to ensure optimal plant growth. To address this need, sensor technology and Internet of Things (IoT) devices are utilized to monitor soil temperature and moisture levels, which play crucial roles in plant growth. Various soil factors are sensed and collected using an IoT-based microcontroller, with data transmission facilitated by a Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) broker. Visualization of the data is achieved through the Node-RED programming tool, simplifying dashboard creation for easy monitoring. Furthermore, the collected data is stored in a MySQL server, enabling further analysis through SQL queries. The day is divided into four quarters with six-hour intervals, allowing for soil data collection using temperature and moisture sensors. The resulting information on the dashboard facilitates informed decision-making to enhance soil conditions for optimal indoor plant growth. Experimentation has revealed a reduction in soil temperature of 3°C during daytime due to air conditioning operation, while soil moisture content remains consistently between 60 to 65% during early mornings and late evenings. Additionally, emphasis is placed on remote management using IoT systems, enabling monitoring of plant growth even when access is limited. Overall, monitoring soil factors using IoT technology offers a promising approach to optimizing indoor gardening practices and minimizing environmental resource consumption.
Aarthi, R., & Sivakumar, D. (2023). Internet of things based on field soil property prediction system: For optimally monitoring the soil fertility status. In Internet of Things (pp. 143-154). Chapman and Hall/CRC.
Abbasi, R., Martinez, P., & Ahmad, R. (2022). The digitization of agricultural industry – A systematic literature review on agriculture 4.0. Smart Agricultural Technology, 2, Article 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. ATECH.2022.100042
Al-Omary, A., Alsabbagh, H. M., & Al-Rizzo, H. (2018). Cloud based IoT for smart garden watering system using Arduino uno. Smart Cities Symposium, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.1401
Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2022). A lightweight huffman-based differential encoding lossless compression technique in IoT for smart agriculture. International Journal of Computing and Digital Systems, 11(1), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.12785/IJCDS/110109
Al-Qurabat, A. K. M., Mohammed, Z. A., & Hussein, Z. J. (2021). Data traffic management based on compression and MDL techniques for smart agriculture in IoT. Wireless Personal Communications, 120(3), 2227–2258. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11277-021-08563-4
Al-Qurabat, A. K. M., Salman, H. M., & Finjan, A. A. R. (2022). Important extrema points extraction-based data aggregation approach for elongating the WSN lifetime. International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, 68(4), 357–368. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCAT.2022.125182
Benyezza, H., Bouhedda, M., Kara, R., & Rebouh, S. (2023). Smart platform based on IoT and WSN for monitoring and control of a greenhouse in the context of precision agriculture. Internet of Things, 23, Article 100830. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IOT.2023.100830
Bittner, B., Aslan, I., Dang, C. T., & André, E. (2019). Of smarthomes, IoT plants, and implicit interaction design. In TEI 2019 - Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction (pp. 145–154). ACM Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1145/3294109.3295618
Dhanaraju, M., Chenniappan, P., Ramalingam, K., Pazhanivelan, S., & Kaliaperumal, R. (2022). Smart farming: Internet of Things (IoT)-based sustainable agriculture. Agriculture, 12(10), Article 1745. https://doi. org/10.3390/AGRICULTURE12101745
Guerrero-Ulloa, G., Méndez-García, A., Torres-Lindao, V., Zamora-Mecías, V., Rodríguez-Domínguez, C., & Hornos, M. J. (2023). Internet of Things (IoT)-based indoor plant care system. Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Smart Environments, 15(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.3233/AIS-220483
Jain, R. K., Mukherjee, A., Karmakar, P., Banerjee, A., Akbarov, H., & Hasanov, S. (2023). Experimental performance of soil monitoring system using IoT technique for automatic drip irrigation. International Journal of Communication Systems, 36(18), Article e5617. https://doi.org/10.1002/DAC.5617
Kassim, M. R. M. (2020). IoT applications in smart agriculture: Issues and challenges. In 2020 IEEE conference on open systems (ICOS) (pp. 19-24). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOS50156.2020.9293672
Kodali, R. K., & Sarjerao, B. S. (2017, July). A low cost smart irrigation system using MQTT protocol. In 2017 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP) (pp. 1-5). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/ TENCONSpring.2017.8070095
Luo, Y., & Pu, L. (2024). UAV Remotely-powered underground IoT for soil monitoring. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, 20(1), 972–983. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2023.3272016
Min, B., & Park, S. J. (2018). A smart indoor gardening system using IoT technology. Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 474, 683–687. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7605-3_110
Mohammed, A., Abdulzahra, K., Kadhum, A., Al-Qurabat, M., Abdulzahra, A. M., Kadhim, A. Q., & Abdulzahra, A. M. K. (2022). A clustering approach based on fuzzy C-means in wireless sensor networks for IoT applications. Karbala International Journal of Modern Science, 8(4), 579–595. https://doi. org/10.33640/2405-609X.3259
Morchid, A., El Alami, R., Raezah, A. A., & Sabbar, Y. (2024). Applications of internet of things (IoT) and sensors technology to increase food security and agricultural Sustainability: Benefits and challenges. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 15(3), Article 102509. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ASEJ.2023.102509
Nedham, W. B., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2023). A review of current prediction techniques for extending the lifetime of wireless sensor networks. In International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology (Vol. 71, Issue 4, pp. 352–362). Inderscience Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJCAT.2023.132401
Nedham, W. B., & Al-Qurabat, A. K. M. (2022). An improved energy efficient clustering protocol for wireless sensor networks. In 2022 International Conference for Natural and Applied Sciences (ICNAS) (pp. 23- 28). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNAS55512.2022.9944716
Ngoc, T. T. H., Khanh, P. T., & Pramanik, S. (2023). Smart agriculture using a soil monitoring system. In Handbook of Research on AI-Equipped IoT Applications in High-Tech Agriculture (p. 21). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-9231-4.CH011
Nguemezi, C., Tematio, P., Yemefack, M., Tsozue, D., & Silatsa, T. B. F. (2020). Soil quality and soil fertility status in major soil groups at the Tombel area, South-West Cameroon. Heliyon, 6(2), Article e03432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03432
Obaideen, K., Yousef, B. A. A., Almallahi, M. N., Chai Tan, Y., Mahmoud, M., Jaber, H., & Ramadan, M. (2022). An overview of smart irrigation systems using IoT. Energy Nexus, 7, Article 100124. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.nexus.2022.100124
Pechlivani, E. M., Papadimitriou, A., Pemas, S., Ntinas, G., & Tzovaras, D. (2023). IoT-based agro-toolbox for soil analysis and environmental monitoring. Micromachines, 14(9), Article 1698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ MI14091698
Prathibha, S. R., Hongal, A., & Jyothi, M. P. (2017). IOT based monitoring system in smart agriculture. In 2017 International Conference on Recent Advances in Electronics and Communication Technology (ICRAECT) (pp. 81-84). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICRAECT.2017.52
Rao, R. N., & Sridhar, B. (2018, January). IoT based smart crop-field monitoring and automation irrigation system. In 2018 2nd International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC) (pp. 478-483). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISC.2018.8399118
Riskiawan, H. Y., Gupta, N., Setyohadi, D. P. S., Anwar, S., Kurniasari, A. A., Hariono, B., Firmansyah, M. H., Yogiswara, Y., Mansur, A. B. F., & Basori, A. H. (2024). Artificial intelligence enabled smart monitoring and controlling of IoT-green house. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 49(3), 3043–3061. https://doi.org/10.1007/S13369-023-07887-6
Sheth, M., & Rupani, P. (2019). Smart gardening automation using IoT with BLYNK App. In 2019 3rd International Conference on Trends in Electronics and Informatics (ICOEI) (pp. 266-270). IEEE Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOEI.2019.8862591
Specht, K., Siebert, R., Hartmann, I., Freisinger, U. B., Sawicka, M., Werner, A., Thomaier, S., Henckel, D., Walk, H., & Dierich, A. (2014). Urban agriculture of the future: An overview of sustainability aspects of food production in and on buildings. Agriculture and Human Values, 31, 33–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s10460-013-9448-4
Sumarsono, Afiatna, F. A. N. F., & Muflihah, N. (2024). The monitoring system of soil pH factor using IoT-webserver-android and machine learning: A case study. International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering, and Information Technology, 14(1), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.18517/IJASEIT.14.1.18745
Turnip, A., Pebriansyah, F. R., Simarmata, T., Sihombing, P., & Joelianto, E. (2023). Design of smart farming communication and web interface using MQTT and Node.js. Open Agriculture, 8(1), Article 20220159. https://doi.org/10.1515/OPAG-2022-0159
Xu, J., Gu, B., & Tian, G. (2022). Review of agricultural IoT technology. Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, 6, 10–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AIIA.2022.01.001
ISSN 0128-7680
e-ISSN 2231-8526