PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Energy storage systems have come to prominence with the sudden rise in renewable energy resources and the power network’s growing complexity. The idea of a smart grid that aims at optimising the integration and management of multiple energy resources has been a focuss area in recent years. This research gives a comprehensive analysis of energy storage in smart grids with an emphasis on several technologies and discusses storage technologies used in the smart grid by highlighting their types, advantages, drawbacks, and economics as well. Therefore, it is intended that this review paper will provide a critical evaluation of Energy Storage System (ESS) advancements and identify any research gaps related to reliability studies in modern Renewable Energy (RE) integrated power networks. This research also discusses hybrid energy storage solutions (HESS) which merging various energy storage technologies to enhance operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness and becoming increasingly important as they can tackle both short-term power variations and long-term energy storage requirements. Energy storage can solve intermittent renewable energy problems by giving the system more flexibility and balancing. Moreover, energy storage systems used in smart grids are analysed and listed with several energy storage methods, including electrical, electrochemical, thermal, and mechanical systems are investigated.