PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

Studies on soil erodibility in Malaysia were critically reviewed. Soil erodibility is the only factor of Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), which requires laboratory work and analysis complexity to estimate soil loss. Therefore, the main objective is to review soil erodibility studies to enhance understanding of Malaysia’s soil erosion impacts. These studies were summarized in their application, purpose, value, utilization method/approach, and study location. On the other hand, a summarization of what, why, where, and how the soil erodibility was used was analyzed. Therefore, the importance of soil erodibility as input for environmental management and conservation practices can be addressed. For a large-scale area, the soil erodibility factor will be analyzed as one of the USLE variables in estimating the erosion rate. As for a small-scale area, this factor is an adaption of the ROM Scale, which use to identify the slopes or riverbanks prone to landslides induced by erosion. However, the determination of this factor requires extensive artistry, time, and cost. These would be an obstacle to the holistic assessment of soil erosion impacts since only a little soil sampling will be analyzed. Therefore, the simplified version for the determination of soil erodibility without any requirement of laboratory works will be an extra mile, especially for an area that does not have any information on soil series.

• Abidin, R. Z., & Mukri, M. (2002, July 22-25). Establishment of soil erosion scale with regards to soil grading characteristic. In 2nd World Engineering Congress (pp. 235-239). Sarawak, Malaysia.

• Abidin, R. Z., Sulaiman, M. S., & Yusoff, N. (2017). Erosion risk assessment: A case study of the Langat Riverbank in Malaysia. International Soil and Water Conservation Research, 5(1), 26-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2017.01.002

• Ahmed, G. B., Shariff, A. R. M., Balasundram, S. K., & Abdullah, A. F. B. (2018). Estimation of soil loss in Seremban, Malaysia using GIS and remote sensing technique. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 169, No. 1, p. 012062). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/169/1/012062

• Algayer, B., Wang, B., Bourennane, H., Zheng, F., Duval, O., Li, G., Le Bissonnais, Y., & Darboux, F. (2014). Aggregate stability of a crusted soil: differences between crust and sub- crust material, and consequence for interrail erodibility assessment. An example from the Loess Plateau of China. European Journal of Soil Science, 65(3), 325-335. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12134

• Asmamaw, L. B., & Mohammed, A. A. (2019). Identification of soil erosion hotspot areas for sustainable land management in the Gerado catchment, North-eastern Ethiopia. Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 13, 306-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2018.11.010

• Basri, E. M., Adam, O. M., Teh, S. Y., & Maznah, W. W. (2019). Identification of critical erosion prone areas in Temengor Reservoir Basin using Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) and Geographic Information System (GIS). In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 380, No. 1, p. 012011). IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/380/1/012011

• Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analysis of soil. Agricultural Journal, 54(5), 464-465. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x

• El Jazouli, A., Barakat, A., Khellouk, R., Rais, J., & El Baghdadi, M. (2019). Remote sensing and GIS techniques for prediction of land use land cover change effects on soil erosion in the high basin of the Oum Er Rbia River (Morocco). Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, 13, 361-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2018.12.004

• Hashim, G. M., & Abdullah, W. Y. (2005). Prediction of soil and nutrient losses in a highland catchment. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus, 5(1), 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11267-005-7406-x

• Hou, J., Wang, H., Fu, B., Zhu, L., Wang, Y., & Li, Z. (2016). Effects of plant diversity on soil erosion for different vegetation patterns. Catena, 147, 632-637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.08.019

• Hussein, M. H. (2013). A sheet erodibility parameter for water erosion modeling in regions with low intensity rain. Hydrology Research, 44(6), 1013-1021. https://doi.org/10.2166/nh.2013.029

• Kaffas, K., & Hrissanthou, V. (2019). Introductory chapter: Soil erosion at a glance. In Soil Erosion-Rainfall Erosivity and Risk Assessment (pp. 3-14). IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89773

• Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia. (2010). Guideline for erosion and sediment control in Malaysia. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia. https://www.water.gov.my/jps/resources/auto%20download%20images/5844dff6dadd8.pdf

• Mir, S. I., Sahid, I., Gasim, M. B., Abd Rahim, S., & Toriman, M. E. (2015). Prediction of soil and nutrient losses from the lake Chini watershed, Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Physical Science, 26(1), 53-70.

• Mohmadisa, H., Farhan, N. D. N. M., Zahid, M. S., Nasir, N., Zainudin, O., Yazid, S., Kadaruddin, A., & Hanifah, M. (2017). An analysis of the collapse potential of slope using the ROM scale: A case study of Sultan Azlan Shah campus, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 7(6), 821-835. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v7-i6/3041

• Mokhtar, J., Halim, Y. A., & Asiah, Y. (2011). Analisis tahap kebolehruntuhan tanah dengan menggunakan skala ROM: Kajian di kampus Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi [Soil erosion level analysis using ROM scale: A study on the campus of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi]. Geografia - Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 7(3), 45–55.

• Mwaniki, M. W., Agutu, N. O., Mbaka, J. G., Ngigi, T. G., & Waithaka, E. H. (2015). Landslide scar/soil erodibility mapping using Landsat TM/ETM+ bands 7 and 3 normalised difference index: A case study of central region of Kenya. Applied Geography, 64, 108-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2015.09.009

• Nebeokike, U. C., Igwe, O., Egbueri, J. C., & Ifediegwu, S. I. (2020). Erodibility characteristics and slope stability analysis of geological units prone to erosion in Udi area, southeast Nigeria. Modeling Earth Systems and Environment, 6(2), 1061-1074. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40808-020-00741-w

• Omar, M. N., Rahaman, Z. A., & Hashim, M. (2018). The development of a soil erosion risk map for Perak, Malaysia. International of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(4), 1109-1123. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i4/4149

• Parajuli, S. P., Yang, Z. L., & Kocurek, G. (2015). Mapping erodibility in dust source regions based on geomorphology, meteorology, and remote sensing. Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, 119(9), 1977-1994. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003095

• Rickson, R. J. (2014). Can control of soil erosion mitigate water pollution by sediments? Science of The Total Environment, 468, 1187-1197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.05.057

• Roslan, Z. A. & Zulkifli, A. H. (2005). ’ROM’ scale for forecasting erosion induced landslide risk on hilly terrain. In K. Sassa, H. Fukuoka, F. Wang & G. Wang (Eds.), Landslides (pp. 197-202). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28680-224

• Sepúlveda-Lozada, A., Geissen, V., Ochoa-Gaona, S., Jarquin-Sanchez, A., de la Cruz, S. H., Capetillo, E., & Zamora-Cornelio, L. F. (2009). Influence of three types of riparian vegetation on fluvial erosion control in Pantanos de Centla, Mexico. Revista de Biología Tropical, 57(4), 1153-1163. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v57i4.5453

• Sujaul, I. M., Muhammad, B. G., Ismail, B. S., Sahibin, A. R., & Mohd, E. T. (2012). Estimation of the rate of soil erosion in the Tasik Chini catchment, Malaysia using the RUSLE model integrated with the GIS. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(12), 286-296.

• Tang, F. K., Cui, M., Lu, Q., Liu, Y. G., Guo, H. Y., & Zhou, J. X. (2016). Effects of vegetation restoration on the aggregate stability and distribution of aggregate-associated organic carbon in a typical karst gorge region. Solid Earth, 7(1), 141-151. https://doi.org/10.5194/se-7-141-2016

• Vaezi, A. R., Hasanzadeh, H., & Cerda, A. (2016). Developing an erodibility triangle for soil textures in semi-arid regions, NW Iran. Catena, 142, 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.03.015

• Wang, Z. J., Jiao, J. Y., Rayburg, S., Wang, Q. L., & Su, Y. (2016). Soil erosion resistance of “Grain for Green” vegetation types under extreme rainfall conditions on the Loess Plateau, China. Catena, 141, 109-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2016.02.025

• Wei, H., Zhao, W. W., & Wang, J. (2017). Research process on soil erodibility. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 28, 2749-2759.

• Yusof, M. F., Abdullah, R. O. Z. I., Azamathulla, H. M., Zakaria, N. A., & Ghani, A. A. B. (2011, December 6-9). Modified soil erdodibility factor, K for Peninsular Malaysia soil series. In 3rd International Conference on Managing Rivers in the 21st Century. Sustainable Solutions for Global Crisis of Flooding, Pollution and Water Scarcity (pp. 799-808). Penang, Malaysia.

• Yusof, M. F., Azamathulla, H. M., & Abdullah, R. (2014). Prediction of soil erodibility factor for Peninsular Malaysia soil series using ANN. Neural Computing and Applications, 24(2), 383-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-012-1236-3

• Yusof, N. F., Lihan, T., Idris, W. M. R., & Rahman, Z. A. (2019). Prediction of soil erosion in Pansoon Sub-basin, Malaysia using RUSLE integrated in Geographical Information System. Sains Malaysiana, 48(11), 2565-2574. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4811-26

• Zhou, J., Fu, B., Gao, G., Lü, Y., Liu, Y., Lü, N., & Wang, S. (2016). Effects of precipitation and restoration vegetation on soil erosion in a semi-arid environment in the Loess Plateau, China. Catena, 137, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2015.08.015

• Zuliziana, S., Anis, A. R. M. A., & Nordila, A. (2018). Predicting of soil erosion with regarding to rainfall erosivity and soil erodibility. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1930, p. 020054-1). AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5022948