PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

This study aims to elaborate on the main problems of developing waqf (perpetual charitable trust) land in Indonesia and provide identifiable empirical results of the main problem, solutions, and strategy as a framework to guide stakeholders to produce policy recommendations appropriately using the Analytical Networking Process (ANP) approach. Several steps were followed: decomposition, model quantification, and result analysis. The initial data was collected through a literature review, focus group discussion, and in-depth interviews. This data was used to construct an ANP framework, which was then analyzed using Superdecision software to obtain conclusions. This study found that the most considerable aspect regarding waqf land development in Indonesia was the managerial issue. Unprofessional management has become a top priority. The waqf institution should increase its responsibility to the public, which is the highest rank of solution regarding the waqf land problems. This research also derived the strategy recommendations: reforming and strengthening waqf regulation.

• Ahmad, M. (2019). An empirical study of the challenges facing zakat and waqf institutions in Northern Nigeria. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(2), 338–356. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-04-2018-0044

• Aldeen, K. N., Ratih, I. S., & Herianingrum, S. (2020). Contemporary issues on cash waqf: A thematic literature review. International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance (IJIEF), 3(3), 119–144. https://doi.org/10.18196/ijief.3236

• Ali, E. M. T. E., Nordin, N., Adam, F., & Halim, M. S. A. (2018). Waqf assets management: Harnessing tool for muslims’ welfare. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11), 348–354. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i11/4907

• Almanaseer, M., & Bashar, M. (2014). Waqf and its role in the social and economic development of the hashemite kingdom of Jordan. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 5(15), 18–26.

• Amin, R., & Nurdin, B. (2020). Penyebab konflik perwakafan tanah muhammadiyah di Nagari Singkarak, Kabupaten Solok, Sumatera Barat Periode Tahun 2015 - 2019 [Causes of muhammadiyah land endowment conflict in Nagari Singkarak, Solok Regency, West Sumatra in 2015 - 2019]. Sumatra Law Review, 3(1), 64–72.

• Ascarya, A., Hosen, M. N., & Rahmawati, S. (2022). Designing simple productive waqf models for Indonesia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(3), 380–401. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-07-2020-0101

• Ayaǧ, Z., & Özdemir, R. G. (2009). A hybrid approach to concept selection through fuzzy analytic network process. Computers and Industrial Engineering, 56(1), 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2008.06.011

• Ayuniyyah, Q., Devi, A., & Kartika, T. (2019). The Indonesia Waqf Board (BWI): An analytical network process analysis. In K. M. Ali, M. K. Hasan, & A. E. E. S. Ali (Eds.), Revitalization of Waqf for Socio-Economic Development, Volume II (Vol. 2, pp. 207–228). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18449-0

• Beik, I. S., Mei, A., & Widigdo, N. (2021). Nazir management improvement and regulation adjustments to increase waqf land productivity (BWI Working Paper Series Vol. 3). https://www.bwi.go.id/6932/2021/05/31/nazir-management-improvement-and-regulation-adjutsments-to-increase-waqf-land-productivity-bwps-no-3-2021/

• Çizakça, M. (1998). Awqaf in history and its implications for modern islamic economies. Islamic Economic Studies, 6(1), 43–70.

• Fauzi, R. M. Q., Hapsari, M. I., Herianingrum, S., Fanani, S., & Kurnia, T. (2022). The challenges of empowering waqf land in Indonesia: An analytical network process analysis. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 38(3), 426–442. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-03-2021-0061

• Haneef, M. A. M., Kamil, N. K. B. M., & Ayuniyyah, Q. (2017). Development of waqf in Indonesia: The SWOT analysis of Indonesia Waqf Board (BWI). Al-Infaq: Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 8(2), 136–150. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31436/jif.v2i2.16

• Hasan, R., & Siraj, S. A. (2016). Complexities of waqf development in Bangladesh. Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research, 4(3), 17–26. https://doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v4i3.9093

• Huda, N., Anggraini, D., Rini, N., Hudori, K., & Mardoni, Y. (2014). Akuntabilitas sebagai sebuah solusi pengelolaan wakaf [Accountability as a solution for waqf management]. Jurnal Akuntansi Multiparadigma, 5(3), 485–497. https://doi.org/10.18202/jamal.2014.12.5036

• Huda, N., Rini, N., Mardoni, Y., Anggraini, D., & Hudori, K. (2018). Manajemen pengelolaan wakaf Di Indonesia Timur [Waqf management in East Indonesia]. EKUITAS (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan), 20(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.24034/j25485024.y2016.v20.i1.35

• Huda, N., Rini, N., Mardoni, Y., Hudori, K., & Anggraini, D. (2017). Problems, solutions and strategies priority for waqf in Indonesia. Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development, 38(1), 29–53.

• Ihsan, H., & Ibrahim, S. H. H. M. (2011). Waqf accounting and management in Indonesian Waqf institutions. Humanomics, 27(4), 252–269. https://doi.org/10.1108/08288661111181305

• Ismail, C. Z., Salim, N. J., & Hanafiah, N. J. A. (2015). Administration and management of waqf land in Malaysia: Issues and solutions. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(4S2), 613–620. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n4s2p613

• Jalil, M. I. A. (2020). Issues and challenges of waqf practice in Malaysia: A Review. Labuan E-Journal of Muamalat and Society (LJMS), 14(1), 80–86. https://doi.org/10.51200/ljms.v14i.2868

• Karim, M. F. (2010). Problems and prospects of Awqaf in Bangladesh: A legal perspective. Islamic Economics and Finance Pedia, 1–15. https://www.iefpedia.com/english/?p=4463

• Khan, A. U., Khan, A. U., & Ali, Y. (2020). Analytical hierarchy process (Ahp) and analytic network process methods and their applications: A twenty year review from 2000–2019. International Journal of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, 12(3), 369–402. https://doi.org/10.13033/IJAHP.V12I3.822

• Khan, T. (2019). Venture waqf in a circular economy. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 11(2), 187–205. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIF-12-2018-0138

• Kuran, T. (2001). The provision of public goods under islamic law : Origins , impact , and limitations of the waqf system. Law & Society Review, 35(4), 841–898. https://doi.org/10.2307/3185418

• Medias, F., Rahman, A. A., Susamto, A. A., & Pambuko, Z. B. (2021). A systematic literature review on the socio-economic roles of waqf: evidence from organization of the Islamic cooperation (OIC) countries. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(1), 177–193. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-01-2021-0028

• Ministry of Religius Affair of the Republic of Indonesia. (2020). Sistem informasi wakaf [Waqf information system]. http://siwak.kemenag.go.id/

• Ministry of Religius Affair of the Republic of Indonesia, & Indonesia Waqf Board. (2020). Laporan hasil survey indeks literasi wakaf tahun 2020. [Indonesia waqf literacy report 2020]. https://www.bwi.go.id/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/LAPORAN-SURVEY-LITERASI-WAKAF-NASIONAL-TAHUN-2020.pdf

• Mohammad, M. T. S., & Iman, A. H. M. (2006). Obstacles of the current concept of waqf to the development of waqf properties and the recommended alternative. Malaysian Journal of Real Estate, 1(1), 27–38.

• Mohsin, M. I. A. (2013). Financing through cash-waqf: A revitalization to finance different needs. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 6(4), 304–321. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-08-2013-0094

• Mohsin, M. I. A., Dafterdar, H., Cizakca, M., Alhabshi, S. O., Razak, S. H. A., Sadr, S. K., Anwar, T., & Obaidullah, M. (2016). Waqf development: The islamic development bank experience. Financing the Development of Old Waqf Properties, 6(4), 304-321. https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-58128-0

• Mohsin, M. I. A., & Muneeza, A. (2019). Integrating waqf crowdfunding into the blockchain: A modern approach for creating a waqf market. In U. A. Oseni & S. N. Ali (Eds.), Fintech In Islamic Finance (1st ed., pp. 266–279). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351025584-17

• Musari, K. (2019). The evolution of waqf and sukuk toward sukuk-waqf in modern islamic economy. International Journal of ‘Umranic Studies, 2(1), 45–54. https://doi.org/10.59202/ijus.v2i1.567

• Nasution, A. D., & Medias, F. (2020). Waqf financing model through crowdfunding platform: An indonesian perspective. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 436, 661–665. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.138

• Puad, N. A. B. M., Jamlus Rafdi, N., & Shahar, W. S. S. (2014). Issues and challenges of waqf instrument: A case study of MAIS. E-Proceedings of the Conference on Management and Muamalah (CoMM 2014), 116–127. https://conference.kuis.edu.my/comm2014/eproceedings/C012 ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF WAQF INSTRUMENT A CASE STUDY IN MAIS.pdf

• Rosadi, A., Effendi, D., & Busro. (2018). The development of waqf management throught waqf act in Indonesia (Note on Republic of Indonesia act number 41 of 2004 regarding waqf). Madania Jurnal Kajian Keislaman, 22(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.29300/madania.v22i1.881

• Rothstein, B., & Broms, R. (2013). Governing religion: The long-term effects of sacred financing. Journal of Institutional Economics, 9(4), 469–490. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137413000271

• Rusydiana, A. S. (2019). Bibliometric analysis of scopus-indexed waqf studies. Ekonomi Islam Indonesia, 1(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.58968/eii.v1i1.1

• Saaty, T. L. (2004). Decision making-the analytic hierarchy and network processes (AHP/ANP). Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering, 13(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11518-006-0151-5

• Satyawan, D., & Firdaus, A. (2018). Analisis strategi pengelolaan wakaf produktif di Indonesia [Analyzing strategic management approaches for productive waqf in Indonesia]. Jurnal Komunikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 5, 49–64. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-kalam.v5i2.1712

• Suhaili, N. A., & Palil, M. R. (2016). Crowdfunding : A collaborative waqf based internet platform. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 11(5), 41–46.

• Sukmana, R. (2020). Critical assessment of Islamic endowment funds (waqf) literature: Lesson for government and future directions. Heliyon, 6(10), e05074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05074

• Syarief, E. (2021). Optimization of waqf land management in Indonesia. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(2), 270–283. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v10i2.1076

• Thaker, M. A. B. M. T., & Pitchay, A. A. (2018). Developing waqaf land through crowdfunding-waqaf model (CWM): The case of Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 9(3), 448–456. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-05-2016-0062

• Zain, N. R. M., & Ali, E. R. A. E. (2017). An analysis on islamic social finance for protection and preservation of Maqāṣid al- Sharī‘ah. Journal of Islamic Finance, 6(Special Issue), 133–141. https://doi.org/10.12816/0047345

• Zain, N. R. M., Mahadi, N. F., & Noor, A. M. (2019). The potential in reviving waqf through crowdfunding technology: The case study of Thailand. Al-Shajarah, 8(Special Issue), 89–106.

• Zauro, N. A., Saad, R. A. J., Ahmi, A., & Mohd Hussin, M. Y. (2020). Integration of waqf towards enhancing financial inclusion and socio-economic justice in Nigeria. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 36(4), 491–505. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-04-2020-0054

• Zulkhibri, M. (2017). The nature of waqf land and properties development in muslim countries. In M. Zulkhibri & A. G. Ismail (Eds.), Financial Inclusion and Poverty Alleviation (pp. 271–283). Palgrave Macmillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69799-4_8