PERTANIKA JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES

 

e-ISSN 2231-8534
ISSN 0128-7702

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From Translation to Theory: Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Personal Brand Equity Scale for the Turkish Context

Ilkay Karaduman and Vedat Ulusoy

Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, Volume 34, Issue 3, June 2026

DOI: https://doi.org/10.47836/pjssh.34.3.06

Keywords: personal brand equity, scale adaptation, scale translation, Turkish, validation

Published on: 2026-06-12

The Personal Brand Equity Scale (PBES) has been developed initially in English to assess the brand equity of professionals; however, there is no equivalent measure in the literature in a different language that would allow cross-cultural studies. In this study, PBES was translated, adapted and validated into Turkish to make it suitable for use by Turkish-speaking professionals. With this adaptation, the scale now extends beyond its original linguistic context and becomes available for use in different cultural settings. To achieve this aim, a five-stage translation and adaptation process was implemented, and the structural consistency of the translated scale was tested with comprehensive psychometric tests. As a result of the research, the three dimensions of the original scale were retained in the Turkish translation. Due to weak and inconsistent psychometric performance, one item from each dimension was removed, resulting in a nine-item version of the Personal Brand Equity Scale-Turkish (PBES-TR). Psychometric test results indicated that the Turkish version demonstrated strong validity, reliability, and linguistic equivalence, confirming its suitability for use in research settings. The study’s findings indicate that the PBES, originally developed in English, also functions as a valid instrument in a different linguistic and cultural setting. This result contributes to the literature on personal branding, identity, and cross-cultural measurement. Beyond these findings, the clarity and replicability of the method and process used also provide a usable path for further scale translations and adaptations in the fields of marketing and psychology.

ISSN 0128-7702

e-ISSN 2231-8534

Article ID

JSSH-9311-2025

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